Warning: Table './archive_cnu/cache_page' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: SELECT data, created, headers, expire, serialized FROM cache_page WHERE cid = 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities' in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:62:\"Non-static method view::load() should not be called statically\";s:5:\"%file\";s:100:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/contrib-stable/views/views.module\";s:5:\"%line\";i:906;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:134:\"Declaration of views_handler_filter::options_validate() should be compatible with views_handler::options_validate($form, &$form_state)\";s:5:\"%file\";s:121:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/contrib-stable/views/handlers/views_handler_filter.inc\";s:5:\"%line\";i:0;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:130:\"Declaration of views_handler_filter::options_submit() should be compatible with views_handler::options_submit($form, &$form_state)\";s:5:\"%file\";s:121:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/contrib-stable/views/handlers/views_handler_filter.inc\";s:5:\"%line\";i:0;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:154:\"Declaration of views_handler_filter_boolean_operator::value_validate() should be compatible with views_handler_filter::value_validate($form, &$form_state)\";s:5:\"%file\";s:138:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/contrib-stable/views/handlers/views_handler_filter_boolean_operator.inc\";s:5:\"%line\";i:0;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:151:\"Declaration of views_handler_filter_term_node_tid::value_validate() should be compatible with views_handler_filter::value_validate($form, &$form_state)\";s:5:\"%file\";s:143:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/contrib-stable/views/modules/taxonomy/views_handler_filter_term_node_tid.inc\";s:5:\"%line\";i:0;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:102:\"Declaration of views_plugin_style_default::options() should be compatible with views_object::options()\";s:5:\"%file\";s:126:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/contrib-stable/views/plugins/views_plugin_style_default.inc\";s:5:\"%line\";i:0;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:130:\"Declaration of views_plugin_row::options_validate() should be compatible with views_plugin::options_validate(&$form, &$form_state)\";s:5:\"%file\";s:116:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/contrib-stable/views/plugins/views_plugin_row.inc\";s:5:\"%line\";i:0;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:126:\"Declaration of views_plugin_row::options_submit() should be compatible with views_plugin::options_submit(&$form, &$form_state)\";s:5:\"%file\";s:116:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/contrib-stable/views/plugins/views_plugin_row.inc\";s:5:\"%line\";i:0;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:62:\"Non-static method view::load() should not be called statically\";s:5:\"%file\";s:100:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/contrib-stable/views/views.module\";s:5:\"%line\";i:906;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:78:\"Non-static method PEAR_ErrorStack::singleton() should not be called statically\";s:5:\"%file\";s:103:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/civicrm/packages/PEAR/ErrorStack.php\";s:5:\"%line\";i:983;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:212:\"Declaration of CRM_Core_Error::singleton() should be compatible with & PEAR_ErrorStack::singleton($package, $msgCallback = false, $contextCallback = false, $throwPEAR_Error = false, $stackClass = \'PEAR_Error...\')\";s:5:\"%file\";s:93:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/civicrm/CRM/Core/Error.php\";s:5:\"%line\";i:52;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:78:\"Non-static method PEAR_ErrorStack::singleton() should not be called statically\";s:5:\"%file\";s:93:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/civicrm/CRM/Core/Error.php\";s:5:\"%line\";i:625;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:74:\"Non-static method PEAR::setErrorHandling() should not be called statically\";s:5:\"%file\";s:94:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/civicrm/CRM/Core/Config.php\";s:5:\"%line\";i:183;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:117:\"Declaration of CRM_Utils_System_Drupal6::cmsRootPath() should be compatible with CRM_Utils_System_Base::cmsRootPath()\";s:5:\"%file\";s:103:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/civicrm/CRM/Utils/System/Drupal6.php\";s:5:\"%line\";i:41;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:82:\"Non-static method CRM_Core_Config::isUpgradeMode() should not be called statically\";s:5:\"%file\";s:105:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/civicrm/CRM/Core/BAO/ConfigSetting.php\";s:5:\"%line\";i:199;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:82:\"Non-static method CRM_Core_Config::isUpgradeMode() should not be called statically\";s:5:\"%file\";s:105:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/civicrm/CRM/Core/BAO/ConfigSetting.php\";s:5:\"%line\";i:228;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:74:\"Non-static method PEAR::setErrorHandling() should not be called statically\";s:5:\"%file\";s:93:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/civicrm/CRM/Core/Error.php\";s:5:\"%line\";i:532;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:74:\"Non-static method PEAR::setErrorHandling() should not be called statically\";s:5:\"%file\";s:93:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/civicrm/CRM/Core/Error.php\";s:5:\"%line\";i:567;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:14:\"strict warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:74:\"Non-static method PEAR::setErrorHandling() should not be called statically\";s:5:\"%file\";s:93:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/sites/cnu.civicactions.net/modules/civicrm/CRM/Core/Error.php\";s:5:\"%line\";i:567;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135
Zoning: Both the Villain and the Hero of Cities | Congress for the New Urbanism

Zoning: Both the Villain and the Hero of Cities

The following post comes courtesy of Global Site Plans' The Grid. CNU and Global Site Plans recently teamed up to syndicate Grid content, as its contingent of writers presents a view on the opportunities and issues of urbanization all across the world. CNU will carry select posts from the Grid direct on the CNU Salons.

***

 “The more successfully a city mingles everyday diversity of uses and users in its everyday streets, the more successfully, casually (and economically) its people thereby enliven and support well-located parks that can thus give back grace and delight to their neighborhoods instead of vacuity.” ― Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities

The Domain, a mixed-use development, is a prime example of multi-use zoning in Austin, TX

Prior to the twentieth century and the rise of the automobile, American cities formed practically; they formed according to convenience, access, and reason. Cities sprouted up along modes of transportation, mainly waterways, to provide access to the movement of goods. Town centers housed business, retail, and residential space to provide convenient access on foot to daily needs. This setup can be described as multi-use zoning in today’s terminology. The cities present in America at the end of the nineteenth century were the lively, people-filled places described by Jane Jacobs.

Concepts of zoning appeared in cities in the mid-nineteenth century, but single-zone laws did not appear until the establishment of the GI Bill of the 1940’s and theNational Interstate and Defense Highway Act of 1956, both of which immensely impacted the shape in which cities took form in America – until recent years. These government-established programs encouraged families to move to the less expensive suburban residences now accessible by automobile.

With roads, highways – and a car in every family’s garage – access to work, retail, school and more, was not a concern. From the mid-twentieth century and onward the car was the focus of urban planningSpaced out, meandering, and separate became the best adjectives for the new architectural landscape of the American city. Zoning laws separated residential, commercial, and industrial land uses, and although “zoning has served to protect property values and has enhanced the use of the automobile,” it has debased the vibrancy present in earlier cities.

 Single-use zones become dominant the further they are from the city center

Zoning Map KeyIt is now recognized that the single-use zoning regulations have created cities not for people but for cars, and in recent years citizens, officials, and urban planners have worked to restore multi-use zoning to create more vibrant, accessible, and environmentally sustainablecity centers.

As we move forward, what are some of the ills and gains of multi-use zoning practices?

To read the original post, written by Bonnie Rodd, visit Global Site Plans.

Comments

Write your comments in the box below and share on your Facebook!

 

Warning: Table './archive_cnu/watchdog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired query: INSERT INTO watchdog (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (0, 'php', '%message in %file on line %line.', 'a:4:{s:6:\"%error\";s:12:\"user warning\";s:8:\"%message\";s:0:\"\";s:5:\"%file\";s:50:\"/var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/cache.inc\";s:5:\"%line\";i:112;}', 3, '', 'http://archive.cnu.org/cnu-salons/2013/02/zoning-both-villain-and-hero-cities', '', '44.201.131.213', 1711635740) in /var/www/archive.cnu.org/htdocs/includes/database.mysql.inc on line 135