Palais Royale (Place des Vosges) street furniture

Paris, France: These remarkable light poles contribute to the sense of enclosure in the square. The square itself is approximately 465 feet square with surrounding building heights that average about 42 feet to the cornice line and 54 feet to the roof above, creating a building to square enclosure ratio of 1:9 if measured to the roof and 1:11 if measured to the cornice line. These ratios are very low and would not suffice to give a comfortable sense of enclosure were it not for the trees , fencing and lamp posts at the edge of the central green.